The projected maps of species distributions showed patterns closely related to environmental changes at a fine spatial scale and added valuable information about the offshore limits of those oceanic species. High environmental suitability for Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) seems to occur between 20.5°S and 30°S in the southeastern Brazilian coastal waters. Areas with high environmental suitability for pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene) and spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) are found in warm (N25 ☌) and deep waters (≥1000 m). All ecological niche models performed returned AUC values N0.9. Maximum entropy method (Maxent) was employed to generate models using a set of environmental variables as explanatory variables of the location records obtained by sighting and accidental captures. Ecological niche modeling was used to redefine the distribution patterns of Stenella dolphins in this area of Atlantic Ocean.
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(2005)work, no study was done to update the distribution patterns of Stenella dolphins in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. We highlight the results of this collection of contributions in 3 main sections: (1) conceptual advances in pelagic conservation (2) novel information technologies and methodologies and (3) case studies in the California Current and Pacific Ocean. This Theme Section seeks to bridge the gap between geospatial science and marine conservation by discussing the use of innovative approaches to support effective marine conservation planning strategies for pelagic ecosystems. Nevertheless, there are major challenges to implementing these geospatial approaches in the open ocean. Geospatial technologies are critical for the successful design of pelagic conservation areas, because they provide information on the spatially and temporally dynamic oceanographic features responsible for driving species distribution and abundance in the open ocean, the movements of protected species, and the spatial patterns of distribution of potential threats. Place-based management in the open ocean faces unique challenges in delineating boundaries around temporally and spatially dynamic systems that span broad geographic scales and multiple management jurisdictions, especially in the ‘high seas’. This case study demonstrates that dynamic habitat models based on telemetry data may help to project interactions with pelagic animals relative to environmental features and that such an approach can serve as a tool to guide conservation and management decisions. Estimated patterns of albatross habitat overlap with the Hawaiian fleet corresponded to bycatch observations: black-footed albatrosses were more frequently caught in this fishery despite being 10 times less abundant than Laysan albatrosses. Conversely, modelled habitats of Laysan albatrosses overlapped little with Hawaii-based longline fisheries and did little to explain the bycatch of this species. We found that modelled habitat preference probabilities of black-footed albatrosses were high within some areas of the fishing range of the Hawaiian fleet and such preferences were important in explaining bycatch occurrence.
We demonstrate this approach by modelling habitats for Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) using telemetry data and relating their occurrence probabilities to observations of Hawaii-based longline fisheries in 1997–2000. In order to assess the potential for species to overlap with fisheries, we propose applying dynamic habitat models to determine relative probabilities of species occurrence for specific oceanographic conditions. Addressing bycatch of pelagic species however is challenging owing to the dynamic nature of marine environments and vagility of these organisms. Fisheries bycatch is a recognized threat to marine megafauna.
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